Heat exchanger is a kind of traditional, the most widely used heat exchange equipment. Due to its stable structure, and can choose a variety of materials, therefore, strong adaptability. Heat exchanger is widely used in various industries, the equipment in cement production enterprise commonly used dilute gas station oil cooler, used as a vehicle engine oil cooler, etc. For a long time, the steel heat exchanger, with its solid structure, high reliability, strong adaptability, and the advantages of wide selection in the heat exchanger has been dominant in the number of the production and use. The development of technology, such as strengthening heat transfer heat exchanger and heat transfer in manufacturing technology and continuously improve performance. However, because of the complexity of the structure and the diversity of working condition, also often appear local failure and even whole scrap of heat exchanger. Heat exchanger of the main parts include: cylinder, head, tube bundle, tube plate, baffle plate, takeover, flange, etc., under the different conditions and the medium environment, various forms of failure may occur. From the analysis on structure, easy to have the failure is the connection between the various components, such as the joint of tube and tube plate; From the perspective of the stress in the structure of the surface discontinuity, especially stress mutation often caused by additional stress and failure, such as shell and tube plate welds; From the analysis of working condition, the thermal stress caused by high temperature and high pressure or additional stress and corrosive medium, caused by frequent key heat exchange tube of fluid induced vibration, etc., can cause cylinder, heat exchange tube, and even the whole machine failure. Heat exchanger failure prevention measures mainly include: reduce the gap, select corrosion resistant material, improve the quality of welding seam, regular cleaning, adding corrosion inhibitor, fluid control system of temperature fluctuation, reduce the flange connection.